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BECENational Examinations Council (NECO), NigeriaCertificationJunior Secondary Exit ExaminationPaper-Based

BECE English Studies: Grammar & Structure Practice Questions & Answers

Module: Grammar & Sentence Structure

Focus: Grammatical Accuracy & Syntax | Level: Junior Secondary (JSS3)

Master the grammatical foundations of English Studies required for the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE / Junior WAEC). This module offers 100 practice questions designed to test your understanding of core grammatical concepts, syntactical rules, and punctuation standards.


Key Grammatical Areas Covered:

  • Parts of Speech:
    • Nouns: Distinguishing collective and abstract nouns, plurals of compound nouns (brothers-in-law), and uncountable/mass nouns (equipment, information).
    • Pronouns: Relative pronouns (who, whom, whose), reflexive pronouns (himself), and correct case forms (between you and me).
    • Verbs & Adjectives: Identifying auxiliary verbs, bare infinitives with causatives (make him apologize), and standard order of adjectives (beautiful large wooden table).
    • Adverbs & Prepositions: Negative adverb inversions (Hardly had he...), correct prepositions for idiomatic expressions (congratulated on, averse to), and conjunctions (unless, scarcely... when).
  • Tenses & Aspect: Present perfect (have lived), past perfect for sequences, past continuous for interrupted actions, future perfect (will have covered), and past perfect continuous tenses.
  • Active and Passive Voice: Converting simple and complex active sentences to passive, modal perfect passive (must have been completed), double-object transformations, and imperative/interrogative passive structures (By whom was..., Let the door be shut).
  • Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech: Shifts in tenses, pronouns, and time expressions (tomorrow to the next day), reporting commands, questions (if/whether), exclamations (exclaimed with sorrow), and preserving universal/scientific truths in present tense.
  • Subject-Verb Agreement (Concord): Rules of proximity (neither... nor), collective nouns, indefinite singular pronouns (everyone/has), compound nouns as a single unit (rice and beans is), parenthetical expressions (as well as), and relative clause agreement.
  • Modal Verbs: Expressing past ability (could), necessity/obligation (must), formal permission (may), logical deduction, past criticism (should have told), and lack of obligation (needn't).
  • Punctuation, Spelling, & Question Tags: Proper comma placement in non-defining relative clauses, possessive apostrophes, colons for list introductions, spelling checks (consensus, maintenance), and question tag structures (including irregular aren't I, shall we for suggestions, and imperative tags will you).

Aims & Objectives:

  • Reinforce fundamental English rules required to pass the objective section of the Junior WAEC.
  • Cultivate standard written and spoken English proficiency by practicing complex sentence transformations.
  • Enhance confidence and performance for NECO BECE and state-level exams.

Ready to test yourself?

Take this exam in our timed interactive simulator to track your performance and get detailed analytics.

Choose the correct collective noun to complete the sentence:
A _____ of lions was seen resting under the acacia tree.

  • flock

  • pride

  • herd

  • pack

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option B -

pride

Explanation:

A group of lions is correctly referred to as a 'pride'. 'Flock' is typically used for birds or sheep, 'herd' for cattle or elephants, and 'pack' for dogs or wolves.

Which of the following words from the sentence is an abstract noun?
"His bravery during the crisis earned him great respect."

  • bravery

  • crisis

  • earned

  • him

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option A -

bravery

Explanation:

An abstract noun refers to a concept, quality, or state that cannot be touched or seen. 'Bravery' is a quality, making it an abstract noun. 'Earned' is a verb, 'crisis' is a common noun denoting an event, and 'him' is a pronoun.

Identify the auxiliary verb in the following sentence:
"The students have finished their assignment."

  • students

  • have

  • finished

  • assignment

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option B -

have

Explanation:

An auxiliary (or helping) verb accompanies the main verb to indicate tense. In this sentence, 'have' is the auxiliary verb assisting the main verb 'finished' to form the present perfect tense.

Fill in the blank with the appropriate relative pronoun:
"The girl _____ won the scholarship is my cousin."

  • whom

  • whose

  • who

  • which

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option C -

who

Explanation:

The pronoun 'who' is used as the subject of a relative clause referring to people. In the relative clause '_____ won the scholarship', the subject is missing, so 'who' is the correct choice.

Choose the correct comparative form to complete the sentence:
"Of the two brothers, Paul is the _____."

  • tall

  • taller

  • tallest

  • most tall

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option B -

taller

Explanation:

When comparing two subjects, the comparative degree is used. The comparative form of 'tall' is 'taller'. The superlative 'tallest' is used when comparing three or more.

Identify the adverb of frequency in the following sentence:
"She rarely arrives late for her morning classes."

  • rarely

  • arrives

  • late

  • morning

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option A -

rarely

Explanation:

Adverbs of frequency describe how often an action occurs. 'Rarely' tells us the frequency of her arriving late, meaning it does not happen often.

Complete the sentence with the correct preposition:
"The manager congratulated him _____ his outstanding performance."

  • for

  • on

  • with

  • about

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option B -

on

Explanation:

The verb 'congratulate' is idiomatically followed by the preposition 'on'. We congratulate someone 'on' an achievement.

Select the correct subordinating conjunction to join the clauses:
"We will not go for the picnic _____ it stops raining."

  • because

  • although

  • unless

  • provided

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option C -

unless

Explanation:

'Unless' is a subordinating conjunction of condition that means 'except if'. The sentence means they won't go for the picnic if it doesn't stop raining.

Choose the correct verb tense to complete the sentence:
"I _____ in this city for ten years."

  • live

  • have lived

  • am living

  • was living

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option B -

have lived

Explanation:

The phrase 'for ten years' indicates an action that started in the past and continues into the present (or is recently completed with present relevance). This requires the present perfect tense 'have lived'.

Which sentence correctly uses the past perfect tense?

  • The train left before we arrived at the station.

  • The train has left before we arrived at the station.

  • The train had left before we arrived at the station.

  • The train was leaving before we arrived at the station.

View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: Option C -

The train had left before we arrived at the station.

Explanation:

The past perfect tense is formed with 'had' + past participle. It is used to show that one action happened before another action in the past. 'Had left' indicates the train left before the arrival happened.

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